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We credit Leonardo da Vinci with introducing the theories of chiaroscuro and S’fumato to painting. To clarify how chiaroscuro (light against dark) works let’s look at a detail from the dark in da Vinci’s “Virgin in the Rocks” (example 1). … Continued
The ancient Roman architect, Vitruvius explained there were four orders of architecture, four types of columns in his opus De Architectura. His ideas still circulate in architecture today. But, his notion of capitals on columns is a reductionist idea. If … Continued
Among our first primordial human passions was collecting sea shells for aesthetic, utilitarian and commercial purposes. Across time and cultures seashells have played a role in art, commerce, religion, and our technology. Let’s consider the aesthetics of seashells in painting … Continued