Whether exploreing New York’s Catskill Park or trolling through art history we repeatedly find the fundamental design form of the triangle. With its unifying effect on design it has become as omnipresent as the circle in painting. It can be turned in any directi0n to suggest the orientation or the motion of an image. It can suggest the direction of light, the fall of water, or the slope of land. In example 1, a Rembrandt etching demonstrates ascending triangles. Their downward fans suggest falling rays of light.
I can’t stop finding new design uses for the triangle especially, triangles within triangles or, reciprocal triangles which point toward each other. I found myself on the shores of a lake at Devil’s Tombstone in the Catskills. Two mountains formed a dramatic triangle at one end of the lake, example 2. I snapped a photo ( example 3) as I looked across the lake with fronds of lake grass assembling themselves into a fanciful “V”. The fronds erratically stretched in contrary directions. Their reflecting light stood in strong contrast to the shadowed shoreline. I diagrammed that photo by superimposing two triangles on it (example 4). Next (example 5), I laid down a mixture of three colors, Gamboge yellow, ultramarine blue, and translucent azure blue(Sennelier). My next step ( example 6) was to carve out the grassy fronds with a six-inch wide squeegee which revealed the reflective brushed silver substrate. Example 7 presents a diagram of the triangle of grasses and the inclined trees. These distant trees imply another triangle which converges far above the painted image (above the picture plane). These trees are inclined in the reverse direction from those in the photograph.
Example 2. Devils Tombstone photo with sky triangle and reflected lake triangle.
example 3. Photo of lake with triangle of grasses.
example 4. Diagrammed photo with reciprocal triangles.
example 5. Step 1, initial lay-in of oil paint.
example 6. Step 2, After carving out fronds with a squeegee.
example 7. Diagrammed painting.
While visiting the Catskills I conducted a plein-air painting workshop. I began each day with a talk and small demonstration. If I followed the tradition of the Hudson River painters like Sanford Gifford or Asher Durand who painted here I would start with a small sketch in oil or pencil. Later I might try refining that sketch in my hotel or tent or studio. In the studio the sketch becomes more distinct or legible. That was their mid-19th century practice. I began my demonstration in oil on brushed silver anodized aluminum, 12×12″ ( example 8). Example 9 presents a triangle-within-a-triangle design diagrammed on the image. I returned to my studio and worked into the demonstration ((example 10).
example 8. on sight quick demonstration.




Frank Lawler
Really like #8, & appreciate #10,thank you,David!
Fredric Neuwirth
Beautiful photo of Devils Tombstone. The red marking of the triangles are very helpful. You need to give a demo on squeegee painting and how to create the fronds. I always make a mess of this. Sounds likes it was a good workshop
Phil Alexander
Agree with Fredric regarding squeegee aspect of your painting. Do you have preference of size / shape / material of squeegee? I’ve watched you rub off paint with rag but sharpness that you created here is pretty cool.
David Dunlop
Phil,
I use a variety of squeegee sizes. They range from 6″ to 24″.
If I need smaller ones I simply hacksaw away part of the blade of the 6″ sqsueegee. I have also tried using rubber squeegee refills pinched within a strong clip. This small device was an invention of one of my students.
Christine Zavgren
It was a great workshop. Use of design principles like this was especially helpful. I agree with the comment about how to get these marks our of an 8″ squeegee. By the way, I stumbled across a great little book that covers the Hudson River painters a different way right in line with the class (in the Albany airport gift shop)! It is Frederic Church and the Landscape Oil Sketch, by Andrew Wilton. It shows many sketches behind some of the paintings. Thanks for the great workshop, Christine Zavgren
Jennifer Richard-Morrow
Happy to see #’s 8, 9 & 10! It _was_ a great workshop! I learned so much. I was back up at Indian Ladder this morning taking photos of the waterfall. Thanks, again!
Gail Ingis
Yes, I agree with Frederic. Those red markings are terrific. The photo is gorgeous. I don’t know where Devils Tombstone in the Catskills is, but it sure is beautiful. Great lesson. Thank you David.
Lori Lotze
THANKS!Workshop was fantastic,I need to get a squeegee and try it.Please,let me.know when you have a workshop in OR when you visit your brother.I’m sure they got plenty of barns and cows there! I am certain a few of my students would come too,so I can help fill 1/3 of your class! But I need a year to recover financially,so please wait a bit!
Thanks so much I shall never forget all I learned,
LORI
William Child
Converging angles draw the eye to the apex, giving perspective and interest to the work.
Sylvia Keller
Thank you always for your great updates.
I was absolutely taken by the way you explained how to paint like Turner on your DVD about landscape oil painting. Do you have any more recent DVDs on how you paint on Aluminum????
David Dunlop
Sylvia,
Do you have the DVD on skies. I work on aluminum in that one.